某处理厂CASS池改造工艺选择及运行效果

随着污水处理厂排到受纳水体标准的不断提高及区域污染物排放限值的要求,已建的污水处理厂需要提标改造提高排放标准。本文所提工程对现有的CASS池进行改造,通过投加悬浮填料形成CASS+MBBR工艺,其中TN污染物的去除率可提高到8%~15%间,其它污染物也能达到预期的设计标准。     

Turnover mechanisms of organic conformation on turbidity in drinking water

The turbidity variation in artificial water and samples from a water plant was investigated in the presence of organics with different relative molecular mass. The results show that recessive turbidity existed when water chemical conditions were changing. The formation of turbidity depended on organic relative molecular mass and their conformations on particles. At higher pH and lower ionic strength, the organic chains with a more extended conformation resulted in rising turbidity of the suspension. At lower pH, the reconformation of organics took place due to charge neutralization by the proton, resulting in a decline in turbidity. The addition of NaCl and MgCl₂ at pH 7.00 also resulted in a decrease of turbidity in the suspension. It is believed that the occurrence of recessive turbidity has a significant influence on the stability of water supply quality.     

关于水污染物排放总量的核定

系统分析了水污染物排放总量核定不同层次的信息关联和相关的特征信息间的相互关系，指出城市是最基本的总量核定对象；阐述了现行环境监测与环境管理制度对水污染物排放总量核定存在着不完全信息问题；指出环境管理部门不掌握的部分排污总量信息对总量控制整体的影响相当大，应对排污总量进行全面、科学的核定。     

Stereoisomeric profiling of pharmaceuticals ibuprofen and iopromide in wastewater and river water, China

Stereoisomeric compositions can provide insights into sources, fate, and ecological risks of contaminants in the environment. In this study, stereoisomeric profiles of ibuprofen and iopromide were investigated in wastewater and receiving surface water of the Pearl River Delta, south China. The enantiomeric fraction (EF) of ibuprofen was 0.108–0.188 and 0.480, whereas the isomer ratio (IR) of iopromide was 1.426–1.673 and 1.737–1.898 in the influent and final effluent, respectively, suggesting stereoselective degradation occurred for both pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment. Ibuprofen showed enantioselective degradation in the anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic conditions, whereas iopromide displayed isomer-selective degradation only under the aerobic condition. In the river waters, the EF of ibuprofen was 0.130–0.327 and the IR of iopromide was 1.500–2.531. The results suggested that pharmaceuticals in the mainstream Pearl River were mainly from discharge of treated wastewater, whereas in the tributary rivers and urban canals, direct discharge of untreated wastewater represented a significant contribution. The IR of iopromide can be an applicable and efficient tracer for wastewater discharge in the environment.     

基于人体健康风险的水污染事件遗传性致癌物安全浓度研究

确定水污染事件中遗传性致癌物短期暴露安全浓度,是目前我国水环境管理中急需解决的问题.在假设遗传性致癌物暴露剂量与致癌风险呈线性相关的前提下,提出了水体中遗传性致癌物安全浓度计算流程,建立了采用遗传性致癌物终生暴露安全浓度计算短期暴露安全浓度的方法.在我国2000～2010年间发生的60起水污染事故中,特征污染物为砷的水污染事件为6起,占总污染事件比例为10%,这一结果表明砷为我国水污染事件中高发的特征污染物.根据水污染事件遗传性致癌物短期暴露安全浓度计算方法,得出砷短期暴露安全浓度为0.5 mg.L-1,表明该方法在水污染事件应急管理中具有一定的可行性.     

Microbial diversity of soil bacteria in agricultural field contaminated with heavy metals

In this study we evaluated the bacterial diversity in a soil sample from a site next to a chemical industrial factory previously contaminated with heavy metals. Analysis of 16S rDNA sequences amplified from DNA directly extracted from the soil revealed 17 different bacterial types （genera and/or species）. They included Polyangium spp., Sphingomonas spp., Variovorax spp., Hafina spp., Clostridia, Acidobacteria, the enterics and some uncultured strains. Microbes able to tolerate high concentrations of cadmium （500μmol/L and above） were also isolated from the soil. These isolates included strains of Acinetobacter （strain CD06）, Enterobacter sp. （strains CD01, CD03, CD04 and CD08） （similar strains also identified in culture-independent approach） and a strain of Stenotrophomonas sp. The results indicated that the species identified from direct analysis of 16S rDNA of the soil can be quite different from those strains obtained from enrichment cultures and the microbial activities for heavy metal resistance might be more appropriately addressed by the actual isolates.     

医院污水氯化消毒处理的相关因素及探讨

在医院污水氯化消毒处理中改善污水水质，因地制宜地选择合理的消毒剂和处理工艺流程，限制来苏尔、石炭酸的用量，以降低污水中酚的含量是确保污水消毒效果的重要因素。     

TiO2光催化降解哒螨酮机理研究

以TiO2 为催化剂对非均相纳米光催化降解杀虫剂哒螨酮进行了机理研究 .结果表明该反应遵循一级动力学方程 .速率常数为 0 0 2 95 7min-1 ,半衰期为 2 3 4 4min .重点利用气质联用 (GC MS)结合与标准品 ,合成化合物相对照的方法 ,鉴定出反应过程中可能产生的 8种中间产物 .据此 ,提出了降解路线 .同时用PM3算法计算模拟前线电子密度 (FED2 ) .证明哒螨酮分子中S原子上分布的FED2 最大 ,是诱发降解系列反应的起始位点 .此结论与实验结果———光催化降解哒螨酮的初始步骤是分子的苯环和杂环之间碳硫键的断裂相一致     

水中有机物高级氧化过程中的羟基自由基检测方法比较

化学氧化水中有机物过程中的羟基自由基的定量检测是研究高级氧化动力学和过程机理的重要技术手段.本文通过对比整理相关领域羟基自由基的检测技术,分析了目前在医学和化工领域中使用的羟基自由基测量方法的应用特点和适用范围,讨论了其中的便捷式分析方法及其在水处理高级氧化过程研究中的可用性,推荐了可用于多组分水相的Fenton试剂氧化有机物过程中的羟基自由基检测方法.     

磁性活性炭催化臭氧氧化降解水中甲基橙

通过浸渍法制备了钕铁硼磁性活性炭(Nd Fe B/AC),采用SEM和VSM技术对其进行了表征,并将其作为非均相催化剂用于臭氧氧化降解水中甲基橙(MO)。表征结果显示:Nd Fe B/AC具有硬磁特性;当m(Nd Fe B)∶m(AC)=1∶2时,其比饱和磁化强度和比剩余磁化强度分别为15.9 A·m2/kg和6.0 A·m2/kg,矫顽力可达104.5k A/m。实验结果表明:在Nd Fe B/AC投加量为3.0 g/L、初始溶液p H为5.0、初始MO质量浓度为20 mg/L、臭氧质量浓度为15.0 mg/L、室温的条件下反应40 min,MO降解率达93.9%,显著优于投加AC的64.4%;AC和Nd Fe B/AC催化臭氧氧化降解MO的反应过程均遵循一级动力学规律,且Nd Fe B/AC的反应速率常数为AC的近3倍。